Course Outline

PART A: Business Calculations

1. Number Operations

Whole numbers, fractions, decimals

Rounding off and approximation

BODMAS rule

2. Percentages, Ratios, and Proportions

Percentage increase/decrease

Ratios in business

Proportional distribution and applications

3. Profit, Loss, and Discounts

Mark-up and margin

Single and successive discounts

Break-even analysis basics

4. Interest and Depreciation

Simple and compound interest

Present and future value

Depreciation (straight line and reducing balance)

5. Hire Purchase and Credit Sales

Components and calculation of hire purchase cost

Instalments, deposits, and balances

6. Wages and Salaries

Time and piece rates

Commissions, bonuses, and allowances

Statutory deductions (NSSF, NHIF, PAYE)

7. Currency and Exchange Rates

Conversion between currencies

Buying and selling rates

Exchange rate gain/loss

8. Measurements and Conversions

Area, volume, length, mass

Metric conversions and business applications

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PART B: Business Statistics

1. Introduction to Statistics

Meaning and importance of statistics

Types: descriptive and inferential

2. Data Collection and Presentation

Primary vs. secondary data

Frequency tables

Data presentation: bar charts, pie charts, line graphs, histograms

3. Measures of Central Tendency

Mean, median, mode

Calculation using raw and grouped data

4. Measures of Dispersion

Range, variance, standard deviation

Quartiles, percentiles, interquartile range

5. Index Numbers

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Price and quantity index

Construction and interpretation

6. Time Series Analysis

Components of time series: trend, seasonal, cyclical, irregular

Moving averages and trend analysis

7. Probability

Basic concepts and rules

Simple probability calculations

Applications in decision making

8. Correlation and Regression

Scatter diagrams

Pearson’s correlation coefficient

Simple linear regression

  

1. Introduction to Management

Definition and nature of management

Importance and scope of management

Levels and types of managers

Evolution of management theories (Classical, Behavioral, Modern)

2. Functions of Management

Organizing

Staffing

Directing

Controlling

3. Planning

Importance of planning

Types of plans (strategic, tactical, operational)

Planning process

Decision-making process and tools

4. Organizing

Principles of organizing

Organizational structures (functional, divisional, matrix)

Delegation of authority and responsibility

Span of control and chain of command

5. Staffing

Recruitment and selection

Training and development

Performance appraisal

Motivation and employee retention

6. Directing

Leadership and supervision

Communication in management

Motivation theories (Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor)

Teamwork and coordination

Organizi

Organizing

Staffing

Directing

Controlling

3. Planning

Importance of planning

Types of plans (strategic, tactical, operational)

Planning process

Decision-making process and tools

4. Organizing

Principles of organizing

Organizational structures (functional, divisional, matrix)

Delegation of authority and responsibility

Span of control and chain of command

5. Staffing

Recruitment and selection

Training and development

Performance appraisal

Motivation and employee retention

6. Directing

Leadership and supervision

Communication in management

Motivation theories (Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor)

Teamwork and coordination

Organizi

Organizing

Staffing

Directing

Controlling

3. Planning

Importance of planning

Types of plans (strategic, tactical, operational)

Planning process

Decision-making process and tools

4. Organizing

Principles of organizing

Organizational structures (functional, divisional, matrix)

Delegation of authority and responsibility

Span of control and chain of command

5. Staffing

Recruitment and selection

Training and development

Performance appraisal

Motivation and employee retention

6. Directing

Leadership and supervision

Communication in management

Motivation theories (Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor)

Teamwork and coordination

Organizi

Organizing

Staffing

Directing

Controlling

3. Planning

Importance of planning

Types of plans (strategic, tactical, operational)

Planning process

Decision-making process and tools

4. Organizing

Principles of organizing

Organizational structures (functional, divisional, matrix)

Delegation of authority and responsibility

Span of control and chain of command

5. Staffing

Recruitment and selection

Training and development

Performance appraisal

Motivation and employee retention

6. Directing

Leadership and supervision

Communication in management

Motivation theories (Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor)

Teamwork and coordination

Organizi

Organizing

Staffing

Directing

Controlling

3. Planning

Importance of planning

Types of plans (strategic, tactical, operational)

Planning process

Decision-making process and tools

4. Organizing

Principles of organizing

Organizational structures (functional, divisional, matrix)

Delegation of authority and responsibility

Span of control and chain of command

5. Staffing

Recruitment and selection

Training and development

Performance appraisal

Motivation and employee retention

6. Directing

Leadership and supervision

Communication in management

Motivation theories (Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor)

Teamwork and coordination

Organizing

Staffing

Directing

Controlling

3. Planning

Importance of planning

Types of plans (strategic, tactical, operational)

Planning process

Decision-making process and tools

4. Organizing

Principles of organizing

Organizational structures (functional, divisional, matrix)

Delegation of authority and responsibility

Span of control and chain of command

5. Staffing

Recruitment and selection

Training and development

Performance appraisal

Motivation and employee retention

6. Directing

Leadership and supervision

Communication in management

Motivation theories (Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor)

Teamwork and coordination

Organizing

Staffing

Directing

Controlling

3. Planning

Importance of planning

Types of plans (strategic, tactical, operational)

Planning process

Decision-making process and tools

4. Organizing

Principles of organizing

Organizational structures (functional, divisional, matrix)

Delegation of authority and responsibility

Span of control and chain of command

5. Staffing

Recruitment and selection

Training and development

Performance appraisal

Motivation and employee retention

6. Directing

Leadership and supervision

Communication in management

Motivation theories (Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor)

Teamwork and coordination

Planning

7. Controlling

Purpose of control

Types and methods of control

Steps in the control process

Management by objectives (MBO)

8. Business Environment

Internal vs. external environment

PESTEL analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal)

SWOT analysis

9. Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Importance of ethics in management

Ethical decision-making

Social responsibility of businesses

10. Emerging Trends in Management

Change management

Globalization

Technology in management (e.g., MIS)

Total Quality Management (TQM)

1. Introduction to Commerce

Definition, nature, and scope

Branches of commerce: trade and aids to trade

Importance of commerce in the economy

2. Trade

Home trade: retail and wholesale

International trade: import, export, and entrepôt trade

Documents used in trade (invoices, delivery notes, etc.)

Terms of trade

3. Aids to Trade

Banking: types of accounts, services offered

Insurance: principles and types

Transport: modes (road, rail, air, sea, pipeline)

Communication: postal and electronic

Warehousing: types and importance

Advertising and marketing

4. Business Units

Sole proprietorship, partnership, limited companies

Public corporations and co-operatives

Formation, merits, and demerits of each

Franchising and joint ventures

5. Office Organization

Types and functions of an office

Office equipment and automation

Centralization and decentralization

6. Channels of Distribution

Meaning and types (direct, indirect)

Role of wholesalers and retailers

Factors influencing choice of distribution channels

7. Money and Banking

Definition and functions of money

Types and characteristics of money

Role of commercial banks and central banks

8. Consumer Protection

Rights and responsibilities of consumers

Government and non-government protection agencies

Consumer-related laws and regulations

9. E-Commerce and Modern Trends

Definition and types of e-commerce

Benefits and challenges of digital commerce

Use of ICT in commerce (mobile money, online marketing)

10. Business Ethics and Social Responsibility

Meaning and importance

Ethical issues1. Introduction to Commerce

Definition, nature, and scope

Branches of commerce: trade and aids to trade

Importance of commerce in the economy

2. Trade

Home trade: retail and wholesale

International trade: import, export, and entrepôt trade

Documents used in trade (invoices, delivery notes, etc.)

Terms of trade

3. Aids to Trade

Banking: types of accounts, services offered

Insurance: principles and types

Transport: modes (road, rail, air, sea, pipeline)

Communication: postal and electronic

Warehousing: types and importance

Advertising and marketing

4. Business Units

Sole proprietorship, partnership, limited companies

Public corporations and co-operatives

Formation, merits, and demerits of each

Franchising and joint ventures

5. Office Organization

Types and functions of an office

Office equipment and automation

Centralization and decentralization

6. Channels of Distribution

Meaning and types (direct, indirect)

Role of wholesalers and retailers

Factors influencing choice of distribution channels

7. Money and Banking

Definition and functions of money

Types and characteristics of money

Role of commercial banks and central banks

8. Consumer Protection

Rights and responsibilities of consumers

Government and non-government protection agencies

Consumer-related laws and regulations

9. E-Commerce and Modern Trends

Definition and types of e-commerce

Benefits and challenges of digital commerce

Use of ICT in commerce (mobile money, online marketing)

10. Business Ethics and Social Responsibility

Meaning and importance

Ethical issues in business (fair trade, sustainability)

Social responsibilities of business to stakeholders in business (fair trade, sustainability)

Social responsibilities of business to stakeholders

1. Introduction to ICT

Definition and importance of ICT

Components of ICT (hardware, software, peopleware)

ICT in different sectors (education, health, business, government)

2. Computer Hardware

Types of computers (desktop, laptop, servers, etc.)

Input devices (keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.)

Output devices (monitor, printer, speakers)

Storage devices (HDD, SSD, flash drives)

Central Processing Unit (CPU) functions

3. Computer Software

Types: System software, application software, utility programs

Operating systems: Windows, Linux, macOS

Examples of application software: MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint

4. File Management and Operating Systems

Creating, saving, renaming, copying, moving, and deleting files/folders

Using Windows Explorer or File Manager

Understanding file extensions and storage organization

5. Word Processing (MS Word or similar)

creating, editing, formatting text

Using tables, graphics, headers/footers

Mail merge and printing documents

6. Spreadsheets (MS Excel or similar)

Creating and formatting spreadsheets

Formulas and functions

Charts and graphs

Sorting and filtering data

7. Presentation Software (MS PowerPoint or similar)

Creating and designing slides

Adding text, images, audio, video

Slide transitions and animations

Delivering a presentation

8. Databases (MS Access or similar)

Basic database concepts

Creating tables, forms, queries, and reports

Data entry and retrieval

9. Internet and Email

Internet basics: browsing, search engines, downloads

Creating and managing email accounts

Sending/receiving emails with attachments

Internet safety and ethics

10. ICT and Society

Impact of ICT on society and the workplace

Computer security and cybercrime

Legal and ethical issues in ICT

Emerging technologies (AI, IoT, cloud computing)

1: Introduction to HRM

Definition and evolution of HRM

Objectives and functions of HRM

Strategic role of HR in organizations

Week 2: Human Resource Planning

Workforce planning

Job analysis, job description, and job specification

Week 3: Recruitment and Selection

Sources and methods of recruitment

Selection process and techniques

Week 4: Employee Orientation and Onboarding

Induction programs

Socialization process

Week 5: Training and Development

Importance of training

Types of training methods

Career development

Week 6: Performance Management

Setting performance standards

Appraisal methods

Feedback and performance improvement

Week 7: Compensation and Benefits

Pay structures

Types of compensation

Benefits and incentives

Week 8: Employee Relations

Employee engagement and motivation

Grievance handling

Conflict resolution

Week 9: Health, Safety, and Employee Well-being

Workplace safety standards

Stress management

Occupational health

Week 10: Legal and Ethical Issues in HRM

Labor laws and employee rights

Ethical practices in HR

Week 11: HR Information Systems

Introduction to HRIS

Technology in HR management

Week 12: Emerging Trends in HRM

Global HRM

Remote work and HR analytics

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)

Week 13–14: Review and Final Exam Preparation

1. Introduction to Business Planning

Definition and importance of a business plan

Types of business plans (startup, operational, strategic)

Users of a business plan

2. Business Idea Generation

Sources of business ideas

Screening and evaluating business opportunities

Feasibility study (technical, financial, legal, and market feasibility)

3. Executive Summary

Purpose and contents of an executive summary

Tips for writing an effective summary

4. Company Description

Business name and location

Business ownership and legal structure

Vision, mission, and objectives

5. Market Analysis

Industry analysis and trends

Target market and customer profile

Competitor analysis

SWOT analysis

6. Marketing Plan

Marketing objectives

Product/service description

Pricing strategies

Promotion and advertising

Distribution channels

7. Organization and Management

Business structure

Roles and responsibilities of key personnel

Human resource plan

8. Operations Plan

Location and layout

Production or service delivery processes

Suppliers and equipment

Legal and regulatory requirements

9. Financial Plan

Startup capital requirements

Projected income statement

Cash flow forecast

Break-even analysis

Balance sheet projections

10. Business Risk Analysis

Identification of risks (financial, operational, market)

Risk mitigation strategies

11. Implementation and Monitoring

Action plan and timelines

Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms

Key performance indicators (KPIs)

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